The Return to Glory

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قُلْ أَمَرَ رَبِّى بِٱلْقِسْطِ ۖ وَأَقِيمُوا۟ وُجُوهَكُمْ عِندَ كُلِّ مَسْجِدٍۢ وَٱدْعُوهُ مُخْلِصِينَ لَهُ ٱلدِّينَ ۚ كَمَا بَدَأَكُمْ تَعُودُونَ ٢٩

Say, ˹O Prophet,˺ “My Lord has commanded uprightness and dedication ˹to Him alone˺ in worship, calling upon Him with sincere devotion. Just as He first brought you into being, you will be brought to life again.”

— Dr. Mustafa Khattab, The Clear Quran

Say, [O Muḥammad], "My Lord has ordered justice and that you direct yourselves [to the Qiblah] at every place [or time] of prostration, and invoke Him, sincere to Him in religion." Just as He originated you, you will return [to life] -

— Saheeh International

Say: My Lord enjoineth justice. And set your faces upright (toward Him) at every place of worship and call upon Him, making religion pure for Him (only). As He brought you into being, so return ye (unto Him).

— M. Pickthall

Say: "My Lord hath commanded justice; and that ye set your whole selves (to Him) at every time and place of prayer, and call upon Him, making your devotion sincere as in His sight: such as He created you in the beginning, so shall ye return."

— A. Yusuf Ali

[Al-Quran, 7:29]

بَدَأَكُمْ

The triliteral root bā dāl hamza (ب د أ) occurs 15 times in the Quran. The verbs formed with this root mean to originate or to begin, indicating the original creation, the excellent form, the prototype created by Allah. 

In Surah as-Sajdah, we read: 

ٱلَّذِىٓ أَحْسَنَ كُلَّ شَىْءٍ خَلَقَهُۥ ۖ وَبَدَأَ خَلْقَ ٱلْإِنسَـٰنِ مِن طِينٍۢ ٧

Who has perfected everything He created. And He originated the creation of humankind from clay.

— Dr. Mustafa Khattab, The Clear Quran

Who perfected everything which He created and began the creation of man from clay.

— Saheeh International

Who made all things good which He created, and He began the creation of man from clay;

— M. Pickthall

He Who has made everything which He has created most good: He began the creation of man with (nothing more than) clay,

— A. Yusuf Ali

[Al-Quran, 32:7]

The Quran informs us that Allah created everything, and He created everything good. The originals were perfectly created. It negates the concept of evolution. In fact, it informs us of the devolution of humans, and the devolution of the planet as a whole. 

The Quran informs us that Allah has blessings which He bestows upon to improve the condition, from good to better to best, for whom He wills, as the Kingdom of the Skies and Earth is in His Hands. He created death and life in order to test which of you is the better in deeds. Death is an absence of water welling up in cells of organisms, leading to their disintegration. Life is the thriving of organisms, with ample and appropriate amounts of water, being put to use for the benefit of the organism. 

Everything that can be used for benefit, can also be misused. 

Everyone whose condition can be improved, can also be worsened. 

It states that The Hour will be established to reward each nafs for what it earns. 

The Quran (2:35-36) informs us that when Adam disobeyed, and ate from the forbidden tree, they (he and his wife) slipped out of what they were in. The Quran (7:22-27) informs us that they lost their original clothing, put their nafs in darkness, tried to cover their wounds, and were banished from The Garden. The Bible informs us that Allah provided them garments of skin, and The Quran informs us that clothing was sent upon the Children of Adam to conceal their shame, and to beautify them. 

The Quran (20:117-119) informs that in The Garden, there was plenty for them to neither go naked, nor hungry, nor thirsty, nor suffer hot temperatures. 

The Garden was splendid, and so were Adam and his wife. 

The Quran informs us that Allah has created humans from a single nafs (soul) and that He created the first nafs' mate from her self. That our mates are from our nafs (soul) is also an ayat (sign). 

The Bible informs us that Adam's wife was created from his rib. The Quran informs us that we have been created from dust, and uses the same root for the word for ribs, and for the wives of the people in The Gardens in the Hereafter, promised to those who believe and do acts of reform. 

The Quran also warns us to not to corrupt the Earth after it has been reformed. It foretells climate change, and it foretells the release of criminals. It also foretells the darkness hypocrisy will bring. Rejection of foretold consequences will not change the future, rather there will come a day when the darkness of accumulated sins will envelop and blot out all Nur. The Quran explains that though Allah takes care of most things, but He does allow some of our corruptions to be manifested on land and sea to let us taste what our hands have sent forth. It also informs us of the rolling up and recreation of the Sky (7:104). It also informs us that the gates in the sky will not be opened for the criminals till a 'jml' can pass through the eye of a needle. This probably indicates the devolution of species.  

Q7:29 (quoted at the beginning of this post) informs us that as we were created originally, so will we be recreated.  

The Quran (17:60, 37:62-73, 44:43-48) also warns us about the Tree of Zaqqum which will be a trial in the Hereafter for those who put their nafs in darkness. The criminals will eat from it, suffer the consequences, and will remain imprisoned in Hell, forever, unable to die. Those who reject 'Our Signs', every time their skins are roasted through, it will be replaced with fresh skin, so they will keep tasting the punishment (Q4:56). 

The Quran informs us that those who believe and do acts of reform (personal and public) will be rewarded with inheritance of the Gardens in the Hereafter, which they will enter in their reformed state, as they were created originally. The life of the Hereafter is forever. 

The Quran also mentions the people who will await the decision about their fate for a very long time, fearing the fires of Hell, and hoping for the gardens of the Hereafter. Eventually, they will be granted relief. 

The Quran (11:106-108) informs us that the existence of the Hereafter is without death. It shall last as long as the skies and earth last, except as Allah wills, as He accomplishes whatever He plans to do.  

Each nafs must die in this world. Adam was attempting immortality and a kingdom that never decays (eternal health) when he disobeyed. He was attempting to make changes in his nafs. We cannot improve upon our nafs. Disobedience and sin only bring darkness and cause harm. Only Allah can make the nafs grow and provide it with Nur (a special kind of light). We need our nafs reinstalled in our body, and it being in a state of Nur for us to enter the Gardens of the Hereafter. 

A satisfied nafs, pleased with her Lord, and her Lord pleased with her (Q89:27-30).    

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تَعُودُونَ

The word تَعُودُونَ means repeat or return. 

For example, Eid is a festival that repeats annually:

5:114

قَالَ عِيسَى ٱبْنُ مَرْيَمَ ٱللَّهُمَّ رَبَّنَآ أَنزِلْ عَلَيْنَا مَآئِدَةًۭ مِّنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ تَكُونُ لَنَا عِيدًۭا لِّأَوَّلِنَا وَءَاخِرِنَا وَءَايَةًۭ مِّنكَ ۖ وَٱرْزُقْنَا وَأَنتَ خَيْرُ ٱلرَّٰزِقِينَ ١١٤

Jesus, son of Mary, prayed, “O Allah, our Lord! Send us from heaven a table spread with food as a feast for us—the first and last of us—and as a sign from You. Provide for us! You are indeed the Best Provider.”

— Dr. Mustafa Khattab, The Clear Quran

Said Jesus, the son of Mary, "O Allāh, our Lord, send down to us a table [spread with food] from the heaven to be for us a festival for the first of us and the last of us and a sign from You. And provide for us, and You are the best of providers."

— Saheeh International

Jesus, son of Mary, said: O Allah, Lord of us! Send down for us a table spread with food from heaven, that it may be a feast for us, for the first of us and for the last of us, and a sign from Thee. Give us sustenance, for Thou art the Best of Sustainers.

— M. Pickthall

Said Jesus the son of Mary: "O Allah our Lord! Send us from heaven a table set (with viands), that there may be for us - for the first and the last of us - a solemn festival and a sign from thee; and provide for our sustenance, for thou art the best Sustainer (of our needs)."

— A. Yusuf Ali

[Al-Quran 5:114] 

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The struggle between Haqq and Baatil will culminate in the success of those who choose Haqq, who will consequently inherit the grand role that Adam and his progeny were created for. In truth will they serve their True Lord, Allah, The Omnipotent King of All the Worlds: 

Related Blogs:

https://signsandscience.blogspot.com 

https://expeditionthink.blogspot.com  

Last updated on: February 22, 2025

The Conditional Pardon

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Screenshot from quran.com

Screenshot from corpus.quran.com

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Adam received 'kalimatin' from his Lord (Q2:37) when he prayed for cover and mercy. 

Abraham was tried with 'kalimatin' which he completed (Q2:124) before being appointed Imam. 

There is no changing Allah's 'kalimat' (Q6:34) His Help definitely comes eventually for His Messengers. 

Allah's 'kalimati' was completed in truth and justice (Q6:115) He sent the clear guidance and laws to judge whereby, even though the disbelieving shayateen (both humans and jinns) are averse to it and strive against it.   

Screenshot from quran.com

All humans are being invited to believe in the foretold Messenger of Allah, ..., the ummi Prophet who believes in Allah and His 'kalimati' (Q7:158), and follow him, so that you may be guided.  

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According to Bible (Genesis 3), after Adam's disobedience and its consequent disrobing, they were sentenced to certain difficult trials in the life of this world. The following is an excerpt from Adam's Fall in Genesis 3 in the light of The Quran: 

Genesis 3 14 And the LORD God said unto the serpent: 'Because thou hast done this, cursed art thou from among all cattle, and from among all beasts of the field; upon thy belly shalt thou go, and dust shalt thou eat all the days of thy life.

upon thy belly... 

In Surah al-Mulk, we read: 

أَفَمَن يَمْشِي مُكِبًّا عَلَىٰ وَجْهِهِ أَهْدَىٰ أَمَّن يَمْشِي سَوِيًّا عَلَىٰ صِرَاطٍ مُّسْتَقِيمٍ

Is he who goeth groping on his face more rightly guided, or he who walketh upright on a straight road
[Al-Quran 67:22, Translation: Pickthal]

... dust shalt thou eat all the days of thy life.

Quoting https://creation.com/snakes-do-eat-dust 

There is an organ in the roof of a snake’s mouth called ‘Jacobson’s organ’. This helps the snake to smell in addition to its nose. Its darting, forked tongue samples bits of dust by picking them up on the points of the fork, which it then presents to its matching pair of sensory organs inside its mouth. Once it has ‘smelt’ them in this way, the tongue must be cleaned so the process can be repeated immediately.

Therefore serpents really do lick dust and eat it.

Genesis 3 15 And I will put enmity between thee and the woman, and between thy seed and her seed; they shall bruise thy head, and thou shalt bruise their heel.' {S}

Genesis 3 16 Unto the woman He said: 'I will greatly multiply thy pain and thy travail; in pain thou shalt bring forth children; and thy desire shall be to thy husband, and he shall rule over thee.' {S}

Genesis 3 17 And unto Adam He said: 'Because thou hast hearkened unto the voice of thy wife, and hast eaten of the tree, of which I commanded thee, saying: Thou shalt not eat of it; cursed is the ground for thy sake; in toil shalt thou eat of it all the days of thy life.

Genesis 3 18 Thorns also and thistles shall it bring forth to thee; and thou shalt eat the herb of the field. 

Genesis 3 19 In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread, till thou return unto the ground; for out of it wast thou taken; for dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return.' 

Excerpt from The Beginning of Agriculture: 

The Bible informs us that agriculture was the punishment meted out to Adam for his disobedience. 

Biblical scholars date Adam to have existed anywhere between 4,000 -10,000 years ago. 

Agriculture is generally dated to have started around 7,000 - 9,000 years ago. 

There seems to be an overlap, if the above assumed dates are correct. However, there are many differences of opinions. The common theme is that:

• humans existed before Adam (Genesis 1, Quran 15:26), 
• Adam was created later (Genesis 2, Quran 15:28),
• agriculture came into existence later 

The Bible and The Quran inform us that initially Adam had been placed in a comfortable Garden where all his needs were provided for. The cultivated Garden pre-existed Adam. 

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So, here we are, living out our lives in the 'kalimat' of our Lord. Men must work, women must endure the pains of childbirth, the snake must taste dust, ... Allah promised guidance, and sent many prophets and messengers with clear guidance and laws. Prophet Muhammad ﷺ is the the final Messenger  of Allah. The Quran is Allah's final message to mankind before the promised reckoning. We must heed to it before the Hour comes upon us. 

We are living in the Grace of Allah's acceptance of our 'duas'. We must make the best of the opportunity given to us, embrace the trials of this life, and place our hope in Allah's Promise of a beautiful return to the Gardens of Eternal Bliss. 

[Al-Quran, Surah alFurqan, ayaat 70-77, Reciter: Abdur Rahman as-Sudais]

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Fasting & The Rights of Others

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2:188

وَلَا تَأْكُلُوٓا۟ أَمْوَٰلَكُم بَيْنَكُم بِٱلْبَـٰطِلِ وَتُدْلُوا۟ بِهَآ إِلَى ٱلْحُكَّامِ لِتَأْكُلُوا۟ فَرِيقًۭا مِّنْ أَمْوَٰلِ ٱلنَّاسِ بِٱلْإِثْمِ وَأَنتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ ١٨٨

Do not consume one another’s wealth unjustly, nor deliberately bribe authorities in order to devour a portion of others’ property, knowing that it is a sin.

— Dr. Mustafa Khattab, The Clear Quran

And do not consume one another's wealth unjustly or send it [in bribery] to the rulers in order that [they might aid] you [to] consume a portion of the wealth of the people in sin, while you know [it is unlawful].

— Saheeh International

And eat not up your property among yourselves in vanity, nor seek by it to gain the hearing of the judges that ye may knowingly devour a portion of the property of others wrongfully.

— M. Pickthall

[Al-Quran 2:188]

Q2:188 is the last ayat of the twenty-third ruku of Surah al-Baqarah. This ruku contains the directives about Fasting. 

Fasting is abstaining from the permissible. So, it is interesting to note that the commands to fast are followed by the command to not to unjustly consume others' wealth. 

When Allah سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى‎ commanded Jonah (Yunus عليه السلام) to go to Nineveh, and deliver His Message, he didn't want to go. Yet, when he became convinced of Allah سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى‎ 's Perfection, His Justice, he went to Ninevah to deliver the Message. It was probably the largest and most prosperous city, of its time, in the world. The Bible informs us that their wickedness was the reason for its impeding punishment. 

When Jonah (Yunus عليه السلام) delivered the Message that they had only forty days,  they immediately took to fasting, stopped eating and drinking, turning to God in repentance, gave up their evil ways, and thus the punishment was averted from them. 

In The Quran, we read about Jonah (Yunus عليه السلام). His story is narrated in greater detail in The Bible. 

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The ruku preceding contains ayaat about punishment for murder, the obligation of making a will on a dying person who is pious, and the sin of altering the will of that person. 

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In the ruku about fasting, we find a special permission to mate during the nights of the fasts. The wording is curious:

 ...  عَلِمَ اللّٰهُ اَنَّکُمۡ كُنۡتُمۡ تَخۡتَانُوۡنَ اَنۡفُسَکُمۡ فَتَابَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ وَعَفَا عَنۡكُمۡۚ ...

... Allah knows that you were deceiving yourselves nafs. So He has accepted your repentance and pardoned you. ...

[Al-Quran 2:187]

The triliteral root khā wāw nūn (خ و ن) is variously translated as deceive, betrayal, treachery, and so on. It is basically understood as to betray trust. So, even not taking care of one's own nafs is not okay. Even though the nafs is supposed to be controlled, and not obeyed when it commands sin, yet it also has rights that a pious believer must be mindful of. 

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Deen-e-Haqq

Islam is Deen-e-Haqq. Everyone and everything has certain rights that are obligated. The triliteral root ḥā qāf qāf (ح ق ق) occurs 287 times in the Quran, in seven derived forms. Usurping the rights of anyone is not permissible. We are accountable for everything. We must ensure that we do not cheat others or unlawfully consume other's wealth or property. Moreover, the poor have rights in the wealth of the rich. We must share from what we have been given. 

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Related Posts

Fasting 

Anger, Anguish & The Repentance (excerpt):

The Bible informs us:

Then the word of the Lord came to Jonah a second time: 2 “Go to the great city of Nineveh and proclaim to it the message I give you.”

3 Jonah obeyed the word of the Lord and went to Nineveh. Now Nineveh was a very large city; it took three days to go through it. 4 Jonah began by going a day’s journey into the city, proclaiming, “Forty more days and Nineveh will be overthrown.” 5 The Ninevites believed God. A fast was proclaimed, and all of them, from the greatest to the least, put on sackcloth.

6 When Jonah’s warning reached the king of Nineveh, he rose from his throne, took off his royal robes, covered himself with sackcloth and sat down in the dust. 7 This is the proclamation he issued in Nineveh:

“By the decree of the king and his nobles:

Do not let people or animals, herds or flocks, taste anything; do not let them eat or drink. 8 But let people and animals be covered with sackcloth. Let everyone call urgently on God. Let them give up their evil ways and their violence. 9 Who knows? God may yet relent and with compassion turn from his fierce anger so that we will not perish.”

10 When God saw what they did and how they turned from their evil ways, he relented and did not bring on them the destruction he had threatened.

[The Bible, Jonah Chapter 3] 

The Punishment of Disgrace 
The Quran informs us that when Jonah returned to the mission assigned to him:

فَلَوْلَا كَانَتْ قَرْيَةٌ آمَنَتْ فَنَفَعَهَا إِيمَانُهَا إِلَّا قَوْمَ يُونُسَ لَمَّا آمَنُوا كَشَفْنَا عَنْهُمْ عَذَابَ الْخِزْيِ فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا وَمَتَّعْنَاهُمْ إِلَىٰ حِينٍ

So why not was any town that believed, and benefited it its faith, except the people (of) Yunus? When they believed, We removed from them (the) punishment (of) the disgrace in the life of the world and We granted them enjoyment for a time.

[Al-Quran 10:98]

Last updated on: January 26, 2025

 

The Philosophy of Sadaqa

Charity

The Quran mentions words with root ṣād dāl qāf (ص د ق) several times, of which 14 are translated as charity in this search result: https://corpus.quran.com/search.jsp?q=charity. The following is a study of these fourteen ayaat to explore the philosophy of charity: 

<DRAFT>

1

وَاَتِمُّوا الۡحَجَّ وَالۡعُمۡرَةَ لِلّٰهِؕ فَاِنۡ اُحۡصِرۡتُمۡ فَمَا اسۡتَيۡسَرَ مِنَ الۡهَدۡىِ​ۚ وَلَا تَحۡلِقُوۡا رُءُوۡسَكُمۡ حَتّٰى يَبۡلُغَ الۡهَدۡىُ مَحِلَّهٗ ؕ فَمَنۡ كَانَ مِنۡكُمۡ مَّرِيۡضًا اَوۡ بِهٖۤ اَذًى مِّنۡ رَّاۡسِهٖ فَفِدۡيَةٌ مِّنۡ صِيَامٍ اَوۡ صَدَقَةٍ اَوۡ نُسُكٍۚ فَاِذَآ اَمِنۡتُمۡ فَمَنۡ تَمَتَّعَ بِالۡعُمۡرَةِ اِلَى الۡحَجِّ فَمَا اسۡتَيۡسَرَ مِنَ الۡهَدۡىِ​ۚ فَمَنۡ لَّمۡ يَجِدۡ فَصِيَامُ ثَلٰثَةِ اَيَّامٍ فِى الۡحَجِّ وَسَبۡعَةٍ اِذَا رَجَعۡتُمۡؕ تِلۡكَ عَشَرَةٌ كَامِلَةٌ  ؕ ذٰ لِكَ لِمَنۡ لَّمۡ يَكُنۡ اَهۡلُهٗ حَاضِرِىۡ الۡمَسۡجِدِ الۡحَـرَامِ​ؕ وَاتَّقُوا اللّٰهَ وَاعۡلَمُوۡٓا اَنَّ اللّٰهَ شَدِيۡدُ الۡعِقَابِ‏ ١٩٦

Complete the pilgrimage and minor pilgrimage for Allah. But if prevented ˹from proceeding˺, then ˹offer˺ whatever sacrificial animals you can afford. And do not shave your heads until the sacrificial animal reaches its destination. But if any of you is ill or has a scalp ailment ˹requiring shaving˺, then compensate either by fasting, charity, or a sacrificial offering. In times of peace, you may combine the pilgrimage and minor pilgrimage then make the sacrificial offering you can afford. Whoever cannot afford that ˹offering˺, let them fast three days during pilgrimage and seven after returning ˹home˺—completing ten. These offerings are for those who do not live near the Sacred House. And be mindful of Allah, and know that Allah is severe in punishment.

[Al-Quran 2:196, Translation: Dr. Mustafa Khattab, The Clear Quran]

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2

۞ قَوۡلٌ مَّعۡرُوۡفٌ وَّمَغۡفِرَةٌ خَيۡرٌ مِّنۡ صَدَقَةٍ يَّتۡبَعُهَاۤ اَذًى​ؕ وَاللّٰهُ غَنِىٌّ حَلِيۡمٌ‏ ٢٦٣

Kind words and forgiveness are better than charity followed by injury. And Allah is Self-Sufficient, Most Forbearing.

[Al-Quran 2:263, Translation: Dr. Mustafa Khattab, The Clear Quran]

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3

وَاِنۡ كَانَ ذُوۡ عُسۡرَةٍ فَنَظِرَةٌ اِلٰى مَيۡسَرَةٍ ​ؕ وَاَنۡ تَصَدَّقُوۡا خَيۡرٌ لَّـكُمۡ​ اِنۡ كُنۡتُمۡ تَعۡلَمُوۡنَ‏ ٢٨٠

If it is difficult for someone to repay a debt, postpone it until a time of ease. And if you waive it as an act of charity, it will be better for you, if only you knew.

[Al-Quran 2:280, Translation: Dr. Mustafa Khattab, The Clear Quran]

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4

وَمَا كَانَ لِمُؤۡمِنٍ اَنۡ يَّقۡتُلَ مُؤۡمِنًا اِلَّا خَطَـــًٔا​ ۚ وَمَنۡ قَتَلَ مُؤۡمِنًا خَطَـــًٔا فَتَحۡرِيۡرُ رَقَبَةٍ مُّؤۡمِنَةٍ وَّدِيَةٌ مُّسَلَّمَةٌ اِلٰٓى اَهۡلِهٖۤ اِلَّاۤ اَنۡ يَّصَّدَّقُوۡا​ ؕ فَاِنۡ كَانَ مِنۡ قَوۡمٍ عَدُوٍّ لَّـكُمۡ وَهُوَ مُؤۡمِنٌ فَتَحۡرِيۡرُ رَقَبَةٍ مُّؤۡمِنَةٍ​ ؕ وَاِنۡ كَانَ مِنۡ قَوۡمٍۢ بَيۡنَكُمۡ وَبَيۡنَهُمۡ مِّيۡثَاقٌ فَدِيَةٌ مُّسَلَّمَةٌ اِلٰٓى اَهۡلِهٖ وَ تَحۡرِيۡرُ رَقَبَةٍ مُّؤۡمِنَةٍ​ ۚ فَمَنۡ لَّمۡ يَجِدۡ فَصِيَامُ شَهۡرَيۡنِ مُتَتَابِعَيۡنِ تَوۡبَةً مِّنَ اللّٰهِ​ ؕ وَكَانَ اللّٰهُ عَلِيۡمًا حَكِيۡمًا‏ ٩٢

It is not lawful for a believer to kill another except by mistake. And whoever kills a believer unintentionally must free a believing slave and pay blood-money to the victim’s family—unless they waive it charitably. But if the victim is a believer from a hostile people, then a believing slave must be freed. And if the victim is from a people bound with you in a treaty, then blood-money must be paid to the family along with freeing a believing slave. Those who are unable, let them fast two consecutive months—as a means of repentance to Allah. And Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.

[Al-Quran 4:92, Translation: Dr. Mustafa Khattab, The Clear Quran]

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5

۞ لَا خَيۡرَ فِىۡ كَثِيۡرٍ مِّنۡ نَّجۡوٰٮهُمۡ اِلَّا مَنۡ اَمَرَ بِصَدَقَةٍ اَوۡ مَعۡرُوۡفٍ اَوۡ اِصۡلَاحٍۢ بَيۡنَ النَّاسِ​ ؕ وَمَن يَّفۡعَلۡ ذٰ لِكَ ابۡتِغَآءَ مَرۡضَاتِ اللّٰهِ فَسَوۡفَ نُـؤۡتِيۡهِ اَجۡرًا عَظِيۡمًا‏ ١١٤

There is no good in most of their secret talks—except those encouraging charity, kindness, or reconciliation between people. And whoever does this seeking Allah’s pleasure, We will grant them a great reward.

[Al-Quran 4:114, Translation: Dr. Mustafa Khattab, The Clear Quran]

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6

وَكَتَبۡنَا عَلَيۡهِمۡ فِيۡهَاۤ اَنَّ النَّفۡسَ بِالنَّفۡسِۙ وَالۡعَيۡنَ بِالۡعَيۡنِ وَالۡاَنۡفَ بِالۡاَنۡفِ وَالۡاُذُنَ بِالۡاُذُنِ وَالسِّنَّ بِالسِّنِّۙ وَالۡجُرُوۡحَ قِصَاصٌ​ؕ فَمَنۡ تَصَدَّقَ بِهٖ فَهُوَ كَفَّارَةٌ لَّهٗ ​ؕ وَمَنۡ لَّمۡ يَحۡكُمۡ بِمَاۤ اَنۡزَلَ اللّٰهُ فَاُولٰٓٮِٕكَ هُمُ الظّٰلِمُوۡنَ‏ ٤٥

We ordained therein for them: "Life for life, eye for eye, nose or nose, ear for ear, tooth for tooth, and wounds equal for equal." But if any one remits the retaliation by way of charity, it is an act of atonement for himself. And if any fail to judge by (the light of) what Allah hath revealed, they are (No better than) wrong-doers.

[Al-Quran 5:45, Translation: A. Yusuf Ali]

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7

۞ وَمِنۡهُمۡ مَّنۡ عَاهَدَ اللّٰهَ لَٮِٕنۡ اٰتٰٮنَا مِنۡ فَضۡلِهٖ لَـنَصَّدَّقَنَّ وَلَنَكُوۡنَنَّ مِنَ الصّٰلِحِيۡنَ‏ ٧٥

And there are some who had made a vow to Allah: “If He gives us from His bounty, we will surely spend in charity and be of the righteous.”

[Al-Quran 9:75, Translation: Dr. Mustafa Khattab, The Clear Quran]

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8

خُذۡ مِنۡ اَمۡوَالِهِمۡ صَدَقَةً تُطَهِّرُهُمۡ وَتُزَكِّيۡهِمۡ بِهَا وَصَلِّ عَلَيۡهِمۡ​ؕ اِنَّ صَلٰوتَكَ سَكَنٌ لَّهُمۡ​ؕ وَاللّٰهُ سَمِيۡعٌ عَلِيۡمٌ‏ ١٠٣

Take from their wealth ˹O Prophet˺ charity to purify and bless them, and pray for them—surely your prayer is a source of comfort for them. And Allah is All-Hearing, All-Knowing.

[Al-Quran 9:103, Translation: Dr. Mustafa Khattab, The Clear Quran]

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9 & 10

اِنَّ الۡمُسۡلِمِيۡنَ وَالۡمُسۡلِمٰتِ وَالۡمُؤۡمِنِيۡنَ وَالۡمُؤۡمِنٰتِ وَالۡقٰنِتِيۡنَ وَالۡقٰنِتٰتِ وَالصّٰدِقِيۡنَ وَالصّٰدِقٰتِ وَالصّٰبِرِيۡنَ وَالصّٰبِرٰتِ وَالۡخٰشِعِيۡنَ وَالۡخٰشِعٰتِ وَالۡمُتَصَدِّقِيۡنَ وَ الۡمُتَصَدِّقٰتِ وَالصَّآٮِٕمِيۡنَ وَالصّٰٓٮِٕمٰتِ وَالۡحٰفِظِيۡنَ فُرُوۡجَهُمۡ وَالۡحٰـفِظٰتِ وَالذّٰكِرِيۡنَ اللّٰهَ كَثِيۡرًا وَّ الذّٰكِرٰتِ ۙ اَعَدَّ اللّٰهُ لَهُمۡ مَّغۡفِرَةً وَّاَجۡرًا عَظِيۡمًا‏ ٣٥

Surely, Muslim men and Muslim women, believing men and believing women, devout men and devout women, truthful men and truthful women, patient men and patient women, humble men and humble women, and the men who give Sadaqah (charity) and the women who give Sadaqah, and the men who fast and the women who fast, and the men who guard their private parts (against evil acts) and the women who guard (theirs), and the men who remember Allah much and the women who remember (Him) - for them, Allah has prepared forgiveness and a great reward.

[Al-Quran 33:35, Translation: T. Usmani]

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11 & 12

اِنَّ الۡمُصَّدِّقِيۡنَ وَالۡمُصَّدِّقٰتِ وَاَقۡرَضُوا اللّٰهَ قَرۡضًا حَسَنًا يُّضٰعَفُ لَهُمۡ وَلَهُمۡ اَجۡرٌ كَرِيۡمٌ‏ ١٨

Surely those men who give Sadaqah (alms) and those women who give Sadaqah and have advanced a good loan to Allah, for them it will be multiplied, and for them there is a noble reward.

[Al-Quran 57:18, Translation: T. Usmani]

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13

يٰۤاَيُّهَا الَّذِيۡنَ اٰمَنُوۡۤا اِذَا نَاجَيۡتُمُ الرَّسُوۡلَ فَقَدِّمُوۡا بَيۡنَ يَدَىۡ نَجۡوٰٮكُمۡ صَدَقَةً  ​ؕ ذٰ لِكَ خَيۡرٌ لَّكُمۡ وَاَطۡهَرُ ​ؕ فَاِنۡ لَّمۡ تَجِدُوۡا فَاِنَّ اللّٰهَ غَفُوۡرٌ رَّحِيۡمٌ‏ ١٢

O you who believe! When you (want to) consult the Messenger (Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم) in private, spend something in charity before your private consultation. That will be better and purer for you. But if you find not (the means for it), then verily, Allâh is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.

[Al-Quran 58:12, Translation: Al-Hilali & Khan]

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14

وَاَنۡفِقُوۡا مِنۡ مَّا رَزَقۡنٰكُمۡ مِّنۡ قَبۡلِ اَنۡ يَّاۡتِىَ اَحَدَكُمُ الۡمَوۡتُ فَيَقُوۡلَ رَبِّ لَوۡلَاۤ اَخَّرۡتَنِىۡۤ اِلٰٓى اَجَلٍ قَرِيۡبٍۙ فَاَصَّدَّقَ وَاَكُنۡ مِّنَ الصّٰلِحِيۡنَ‏ ١٠

Give out of what We have provided for you, before death comes to one of you and he says, ‘My Lord, if You would only reprieve me for a little while, I would give in charity and become one of the righteous.’

[Al-Quran 63:10, Translation: M.A.S. Abdel Haleem]

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[Al-Quran ..., Translation: ...]

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The Legacy of Ishmael (Ismail عليه السلام)

فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ مَعَهُ السَّعۡىَ قَالَ يٰبُنَىَّ اِنِّىۡۤ اَرٰى فِى الۡمَنَامِ اَنِّىۡۤ اَذۡبَحُكَ فَانْظُرۡ مَاذَا تَرٰى​ؕ قَالَ يٰۤاَبَتِ افۡعَلۡ مَا تُؤۡمَرُ​

 سَتَجِدُنِىۡۤ اِنۡ شَآءَ اللّٰهُ مِنَ الصّٰبِرِيۡنَ‏ 

فَلَمَّاۤ اَسۡلَمَا وَتَلَّهٗ لِلۡجَبِيۡنِ​ۚ‏ ١٠٣ 

وَنَادَيۡنٰهُ اَنۡ يّٰۤاِبۡرٰهِيۡمُۙ‏

قَدۡ صَدَّقۡتَ الرُّءۡيَا ​ ​ۚ اِنَّا كَذٰلِكَ نَجۡزِى الۡمُحۡسِنِيۡنَ‏ 

اِنَّ هٰذَا لَهُوَ الۡبَلٰٓؤُا الۡمُبِيۡنُ‏ 

وَفَدَيۡنٰهُ بِذِبۡحٍ عَظِيۡمٍ‏

And when he reached with him [the age of] exertion, he said, "O my son, indeed I have seen in a dream that I [must] sacrifice you, so see what you think." He said, "O my father, do as you are commanded. You will find me, if Allāh wills, of the steadfast."

103 And when they had both submitted and he put him down upon his forehead,

We called to him, "O Abraham,

You have fulfilled the vision." Indeed, We thus reward the doers of good.

Indeed, this was the clear trial.

And We ransomed him with a great sacrifice,

[Al-Quran 37:102-107]

This is a story of Faith (Iman) and Submission (Islam). 

The Quran relates the great sacrifice demanded from Abraham (Ibrahim عليه السلام): to sacrifice his only child, and the child's complete submission to what was required of his father. The physical expression of this complete submission was the father putting his son down upon his forehead: the posture of prostration. 

The amazing submission of this young man, Ishmael (Ismail عليه السلام), is amazing. He was not a baby. He was old enough to work along with his father (Q38:102). He was probably twelve or thirteen years old.* Generally, when boys are entering their teens, they show inclination to assert their independence, not submission, and that also to a dream. He was old enough to mock his old man. He was old enough to run away. This young Ishmael (Ismail عليه السلام) submits, willingly, assuring his father of his steadfastness, if Allah Wills (اِنۡ شَآءَ اللّٰهُ مِنَ الصّٰبِرِيۡنَ‏). He goes down in prostration, placing his forehead upon the ground. He is willing to make the ultimate sacrifice: lose his life, and embrace death, for the sake of Allah سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى‎ . 

Allah was testing the father and son. Both passed with flying colours. Allah had bigger plans for them.  Ishmael (Ismail عليه السلام) was replaced with a great sacrifice. He is to assist his father Abraham (Ibrahim عليه السلام) in purifying Allah's house, for the worshippers, and also raise its foundation: 

وَإِذْ جَعَلْنَا الْبَيْتَ مَثَابَةً لِّلنَّاسِ وَأَمْنًا وَاتَّخِذُوا مِن مَّقَامِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ مُصَلًّى وَعَهِدْنَا إِلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ أَن طَهِّرَا بَيْتِيَ لِلطَّائِفِينَ وَالْعَاكِفِينَ وَالرُّكَّعِ السُّجُودِ

وَإِذْ قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ رَبِّ اجْعَلْ هَٰذَا بَلَدًا آمِنًا وَارْزُقْ أَهْلَهُ مِنَ الثَّمَرَاتِ مَنْ آمَنَ مِنْهُم بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ قَالَ وَمَن كَفَرَ فَأُمَتِّعُهُ قَلِيلًا ثُمَّ أَضْطَرُّهُ إِلَىٰ عَذَابِ النَّارِ وَبِئْسَ الْمَصِيرُ

وَإِذْ يَرْفَعُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ الْقَوَاعِدَ مِنَ الْبَيْتِ وَإِسْمَاعِيلُ رَبَّنَا تَقَبَّلْ مِنَّا إِنَّكَ أَنتَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ

رَبَّنَا وَاجْعَلْنَا مُسْلِمَيْنِ لَكَ وَمِن ذُرِّيَّتِنَا أُمَّةً مُّسْلِمَةً لَّكَ وَأَرِنَا مَنَاسِكَنَا وَتُبْ عَلَيْنَا إِنَّكَ أَنتَ التَّوَّابُ الرَّحِيمُ

رَبَّنَا وَابْعَثْ فِيهِمْ رَسُولًا مِّنْهُمْ يَتْلُو عَلَيْهِمْ آيَاتِكَ وَيُعَلِّمُهُمُ الْكِتَابَ وَالْحِكْمَةَ وَيُزَكِّيهِمْ إِنَّكَ أَنتَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ

وَمَن يَرْغَبُ عَن مِّلَّةِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِلَّا مَن سَفِهَ نَفْسَهُ وَلَقَدِ اصْطَفَيْنَاهُ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَإِنَّهُ فِي الْآخِرَةِ لَمِنَ الصَّالِحِينَ

And [mention] when We made the House a place of return for the people and [a place of] security. And take, [O believers], from the standing place of Abraham a place of prayer. And We charged Abraham and Ishmael, [saying], "Purify My House for those who perform Tawaf and those who are staying [there] for worship and those who bow and prostrate [in prayer]."

And [mention] when Abraham said, "My Lord, make this a secure city country and provide its people with fruits - whoever of them believes in Allah and the Last Day." [ Allah ] said. "And whoever disbelieves - I will grant him enjoyment for a little; then I will force him to the punishment of the Fire, and wretched is the destination."

And [mention] when Abraham was raising the foundations of the House and [with him] Ishmael, [saying], "Our Lord, accept [this] from us. Indeed You are the Hearing, the Knowing.

Our Lord, and make us Muslims [in submission] to You and from our descendants a Muslim nation [in submission] to You. And show us our rites and accept our repentance. Indeed, You are the Accepting of repentance, the Merciful.

Our Lord, and send among them a messenger from themselves who will recite to them Your verses and teach them the Book and wisdom and purify them. Indeed, You are the Exalted in Might, the Wise."

And who would be averse to the religion of Abraham except one who makes a fool of himself. And We had chosen him in this world, and indeed he, in the Hereafter, will be among the righteous.

[Al-Quran 2:125-130, Translation: Sahih International (edited in italics) ]

Purify My House: From these ayaat, it seems the House already existed but it was appointed the centre of pilgrimage when Abraham (Ibrahim عليه السلام) and Ishmael (Ismail عليه السلام) raised its foundations and purified the House. Similarly, their descendant whom they prayed for, Muhammad ﷺ , Messenger of Allah سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى‎ , purified the House when he conquered Mecca, and retaught the rites of pilgrimage.  

Raise the Foundation: Raising the foundations of an existing house is a common practice, especially in areas prone to flooding. The house is temporarily raised, separating it from its existing foundation; the foundation is then raised and the house replaced on the newly-built foundation. 

Just like his descendant Muhammad ﷺ was a Prophet and Messenger of Allah سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى‎ , so also The Quran informs us that Ishmael (Ismail عليه السلام) was also a Prophet and Messenger of Allah سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى‎ :

وَاذۡكُرۡ فِى الۡـكِتٰبِ اِسۡمٰعِيۡلَ​ اِنَّهٗ كَانَ صَادِقَ الۡوَعۡدِ وَكَانَ رَسُوۡلًا نَّبِيًّا​ ۚ‏ ٥٤

وَ كَانَ يَاۡمُرُ اَهۡلَهٗ بِالصَّلٰوةِ وَالزَّكٰوةِ وَكَانَ عِنۡدَ رَبِّهٖ مَرۡضِيًّا‏ ٥٥ 

And mention in the Book, Ishmael. Indeed, he was true to his promise, and he was a messenger and a prophet.

And he used to enjoin on his people prayer and zakāh and was to his Lord pleasing [i.e., accepted by Him].

[Al-Quran 19:54-55, Translation: Saheeh International]

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* Age of Ishmael (Ismail عليه السلام): 

According to The Quran, Surah as-Saffaat, Abraham (Ibrahim عليه السلام) was given the glad tidings of  a forbearing son (Q37:101 فَبَشَّرۡنٰهُ بِغُلٰمٍ حَلِيۡمٍ‏)** after his migration (Q38:99 وَقَالَ اِنِّىۡ ذَاهِبٌ اِلٰى رَبِّىۡ سَيَهۡدِيۡنِ‏), and prayer for a righteous son (Q38:100 رَبِّ هَبۡ لِىۡ مِنَ الصّٰلِحِيۡنَ‏).  

The Quran, Surah as-Saffaat, also states that the son at the time of the sacrifice dream was old enough to work with his father (Q37:102 فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ مَعَهُ السَّعۡىَ قَالَ يٰبُنَىَّ اِنِّىۡۤ اَرٰى فِى الۡمَنَامِ اَنِّىۡۤ اَذۡبَحُكَ فَانْظُرۡ مَاذَا تَرٰى​ؕ قَالَ يٰۤاَبَتِ افۡعَلۡ مَا تُؤۡمَرُ​ سَتَجِدُنِىۡۤ اِنۡ شَآءَ اللّٰهُ مِنَ الصّٰبِرِيۡنَ‏ ). Boys can start lifting weights as early as the age of seven or eight years, but ideally by the age twelve or thirteen, the age of puberty. 

According to The Quran, Surah as-Saffaat, after the attempted sacrifice (Q37:103), Abraham (Ibrahim عليه السلام) was given the glad tidings of  a prophet by the name of Isaac (Ishaq عليه السلام) (Q37:112 وَبَشَّرۡنٰهُ بِاِسۡحٰقَ نَبِيًّا مِّنَ الصّٰلِحِيۡنَ‏), and that they were blessed (Q37:113 وَبٰرَكۡنَا عَلَيۡهِ وَعَلٰٓى اِسۡحٰقَ​ؕ وَ مِنۡ ذُرِّيَّتِهِمَا مُحۡسِنٌ وَّظَالِمٌ لِّنَفۡسِهٖ مُبِيۡنٌ​‏). We know about his son Jacob / Israel (Yaqub عليه السلام) , his son Joseph (Yusuf عليه السلام), and from the Bani Israel: Moses (Musa عليه السلام) and Aaron (Haroon عليه السلام). It is a matter of fact that there was a continuous line of prophets among their descendants till Messenger Jesus (Isa عليه السلام). 

According to The Bible, the age difference between Ishmael (Ismail عليه السلام) and Isaac (Ishaq عليه السلام) was fourteen years. 

At the age of seventy-six, Abraham (Ibrahim عليه السلام) was granted Ishmael (Ismail عليه السلام) through Hagar (Bibi Hajra رضي الله عنها). 

At the age of one hundred, Abraham (Ibrahim عليه السلام) was granted Isaac (Ishaq عليه السلام) through Sarah (Bibi Sara رضي الله عنها).  

So, assuming the good news about Isaac (Ishaq عليه السلام) was given immediately after the attempted sacrifice of the first born: Ishmael (Ismail عليه السلام), who was only son at the time, , the Age of Ishmael (Ismail عليه السلام) was most probably twelve or thirteen years at the time he and his father attempted to carry out the dream that Abraham (Ibrahim عليه السلام) had seen. 

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** Haleem (حَلِيۡمٍ‏):  

According to The Quran, Surah as-Saffaat, Abraham (Ibrahim عليه السلام) was given the glad tidings of  a forbearing son (Q37:101 فَبَشَّرۡنٰهُ بِغُلٰمٍ حَلِيۡمٍ‏). 

Allah meant to test father and son. What they were asked to do was unthinkable and unspeakable. It required immense faith, love and trust in Allah to even consider the request. It required even more to submit to it. It required forbearance. One of the attributes of Allah is Haleem (حَلِيمٌ), generally translated as Most Forbearing. The word 'forbearing' implies patience and restraint.  

Abraham (Ibrahim عليه السلام) was also forbearing (Q11:75). 

Ishmael (Ismail عليه السلام) was also forbearing (Q37:101). 

These two persons were already divinely equipped with the quality most required to submit to such a dream. 

Search results for forbearing https://corpus.quran.com/search.jsp?q=forbearing 

Quran dictionary for root - ح ل م : https://corpus.quran.com/qurandictionary.jsp?q=Hlm 

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Also read: 

Humans & The Human Condition 

Ignorant of The Law of Sacrifice 

Forehead / جَبِين 

The Possessors of The Stone & Hijr-e-Ismail 

Seventy Men & The Torah in Seventy Languages 

The Ancient House 

Muhammad ﷺ, a Messenger like Moses: The Qibla 

Maroof & Munkar 

Abraham (Ibrahim عليه السلام), the excellent example 

The Quran, the Pharaoh, Exodus and the Promised Day! 

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Lat updated on: June 14, 2024

Allah chooses from men for public roles

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وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَا مِن قَبْلِكَ إِلَّا رِجَالًا نُّوحِي إِلَيْهِم مِّنْ أَهْلِ الْقُرَىٰ أَفَلَمْ يَسِيرُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ فَيَنظُرُوا كَيْفَ كَانَ عَاقِبَةُ الَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِهِمْ وَلَدَارُ الْآخِرَةِ خَيْرٌ لِّلَّذِينَ اتَّقَوْا أَفَلَا تَعْقِلُونَ

And not We sent before you, but men We revealed to them from (among) (the) people (of) the townships. So have not they traveled in the earth and seen how was (the) end (of) those who (were) before them? And surely the home (of) the Hereafter (is) best for those who fear Allah. Then will not you use reason?

[Al-Quran 12:109]

وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَا مِن قَبْلِكَ إِلَّا رِجَالًا نُّوحِي إِلَيْهِمْ فَاسْأَلُوا أَهْلَ الذِّكْرِ إِن كُنتُمْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَ

بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ وَالزُّبُرِ وَأَنزَلْنَا إِلَيْكَ الذِّكْرَ لِتُبَيِّنَ لِلنَّاسِ مَا نُزِّلَ إِلَيْهِمْ وَلَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَفَكَّرُونَ

And not We sent before you except men, We revealed to them, so ask (the) people (of) the Reminder if you (do) not know. With the clear proofs and the Books. And We sent down to you the Remembrance, that you may make clear to the mankind, what has been sent down to them and that they may reflect. 

[Al-Quran 16:43-44] 

Allah سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى‎ chooses from and sends men on public tasks. Be it being the qawam (Q4:34) of their women, or the khalifa (Q2:30, Q38:26) of the Earth, all public tasks have been assigned to men. Adam عليه السلام was a man, and all the prophets and messengers, who were all from his descendants, were all men. Prophet Muhammad  ﷺ  was the seal of the prophets, and so he was not granted any adult male offspring (Q33:40). Men are assigned the task of establishing prayers in mosques (Q24:36-38), and it is who men who are under a covenant, and the believing men keep their covenant and go to battle (Q33:23) to fight oppression and establish Allah سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى 's Deen.  

Even the angels, serving Allah سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى , are males: 

اَمِ اتَّخَذَ مِمَّا يَخۡلُقُ بَنٰتٍ وَّاَصۡفٰٮكُمۡ بِالۡبَنِيۡنَ‏ ١٦

وَاِذَا بُشِّرَ اَحَدُهُمۡ بِمَا ضَرَبَ لِلرَّحۡمٰنِ مَثَلًا ظَلَّ وَجۡهُهٗ مُسۡوَدًّا وَّهُوَ كَظِيۡمٌ‏ ١٧

اَوَمَنۡ يُّنَشَّؤُا فِى الۡحِلۡيَةِ وَهُوَ فِى الۡخِصَامِ غَيۡرُ مُبِيۡنٍ‏  ١٨ 

وَجَعَلُوا الۡمَلٰٓٮِٕكَةَ الَّذِيۡنَ هُمۡ عِبَادُ الرَّحۡمٰنِ اِنَاثًا​ ؕ اَشَهِدُوۡا خَلۡقَهُمۡ​ ؕ سَتُكۡتَبُ شَهَادَتُهُمۡ وَيُسۡـَٔــلُوۡنَ‏ ١٩

Or has He taken, out of what He has created, daughters and chosen you for [having] sons?

And when one of them is given good tidings of that which he attributes to the Most Merciful in comparison [i.e., a daughter], his face becomes dark, and he suppresses grief.

So is one brought up in ornaments while being during conflict unevident1 [attributed to Allāh]?

And they described the angels, who are servants of the Most Merciful, as females. Did they witness their creation? Their testimony will be recorded, and they will be questioned.

[Al-Quran 43:16-19]

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اَفَرَءَيۡتُمُ اللّٰتَ وَالۡعُزّٰىۙ‏ ١٩

وَمَنٰوةَ الثَّالِثَةَ الۡاُخۡرٰى‏ ٢٠

اَلَـكُمُ الذَّكَرُ وَلَهُ الۡاُنۡثٰى‏ ٢١

تِلۡكَ اِذًا قِسۡمَةٌ ضِيۡزٰى‏ ٢٢ 

اِنۡ هِىَ اِلَّاۤ اَسۡمَآءٌ سَمَّيۡتُمُوۡهَاۤ اَنۡتُمۡ وَاٰبَآؤُكُمۡ مَّاۤ اَنۡزَلَ اللّٰهُ بِهَا مِنۡ سُلۡطٰنٍ​ؕ اِنۡ يَّتَّبِعُوۡنَ اِلَّا الظَّنَّ وَمَا تَهۡوَى الۡاَنۡفُسُ​ۚ وَلَقَدۡ جَآءَهُمۡ مِّنۡ رَّبِّهِمُ الۡهُدٰىؕ‏ ٢٣

So have you considered al-Lāt and al-ʿUzzā?

And Manāt, the third - the other one?

Is the male for you and for Him the female?

That, then, is an unjust division.

They are not but [mere] names you have named them - you and your forefathers - for which Allāh has sent down no authority. They follow not except assumption and what [their] souls desire, and there has already come to them from their Lord guidance.

[Al-Quran 53:19-23]

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اِنَّ الَّذِيۡنَ لَا يُؤۡمِنُوۡنَ بِالۡاٰخِرَةِ لَيُسَمُّوۡنَ الۡمَلٰٓٮِٕكَةَ تَسۡمِيَةَ الۡاُنۡثٰى‏ ٢٧ 

وَمَا لَهُمۡ بِهٖ مِنۡ عِلۡمٍ​ؕ اِنۡ يَّتَّبِعُوۡنَ اِلَّا الظَّنَّ​ۚ وَاِنَّ الظَّنَّ لَا يُغۡنِىۡ مِنَ الۡحَـقِّ شَيۡـًٔـاۚ‏ ٢٨ 

Indeed, those who do not believe in the Hereafter name the angels female names,

And they have thereof no knowledge. They follow not except assumption, and indeed, assumption avails not against the truth at all.

[Al-Quran 53:27-28]

Mary (Maryam عليها السلام) was dedicated by her mother for Allah سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى‎ 's service when she was in the womb, and the mother didn't know that she was going to bear a female child. Allah سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى‎ graciously accepted the dedicated child (Q3:37), chose her above all women of all the worlds (Q3:42), and made her the mother of the Messiah Isa عليه السلام . 

Even when infant Jesus (Isa عليه السلام) was brought by his mother Mary (Maryam عليها السلام) in front of the people, she was not asked to speak, rather the male infant spoke and explained himself, as quoted in Surah Maryam:

 فَاَتَتۡ بِهٖ قَوۡمَهَا تَحۡمِلُهٗ​ؕ قَالُوۡا يٰمَرۡيَمُ لَقَدۡ جِئۡتِ شَيۡـًٔـا فَرِيًّا‏ ٢٧

 يٰۤـاُخۡتَ هٰرُوۡنَ مَا كَانَ اَ بُوۡكِ امۡرَاَ سَوۡءٍ وَّمَا كَانَتۡ اُمُّكِ بَغِيًّا​ ۖ​ ۚ‏ ٢٨

فَاَشَارَتۡ اِلَيۡهِ​ ؕ قَالُوۡا كَيۡفَ نُـكَلِّمُ مَنۡ كَانَ فِى الۡمَهۡدِ صَبِيًّا‏ ٢٩

قَالَ اِنِّىۡ عَبۡدُ اللّٰهِ ؕ اٰتٰٮنِىَ الۡكِتٰبَ وَجَعَلَنِىۡ نَبِيًّا ۙ‏ ٣٠

Then she brought him to her people, carrying him. They said, "O Mary, you have certainly done a thing unprecedented.

O sister [i.e., descendant] of Aaron, your father was not a man of evil, nor was your mother unchaste."

So she pointed to him. They said, "How can we speak to one who is in the cradle a child?"

[Jesus] said, "Indeed, I am the servant of Allāh. He has given me the Scripture and made me a prophet. 

وَّجَعَلَنِىۡ مُبٰـرَكًا اَيۡنَ مَا كُنۡتُ وَاَوۡصٰنِىۡ بِالصَّلٰوةِ وَالزَّكٰوةِ مَا دُمۡتُ حَيًّا ​ۖ ‏ ٣١ وَّبَرًّۢا بِوَالِدَتِىۡ وَلَمۡ يَجۡعَلۡنِىۡ جَبَّارًا شَقِيًّا‏ ٣٢ وَالسَّلٰمُ عَلَىَّ يَوۡمَ وُلِدْتُّ وَيَوۡمَ اَمُوۡتُ وَيَوۡمَ اُبۡعَثُ حَيًّا‏  ٣٣ ذٰ لِكَ عِيۡسَى ابۡنُ مَرۡيَمَ ​ۚ قَوۡلَ الۡحَـقِّ الَّذِىۡ فِيۡهِ يَمۡتَرُوۡنَ‏  ٣٤ مَا كَانَ لِلّٰهِ اَنۡ يَّتَّخِذَ مِنۡ وَّلَدٍ​ۙ سُبۡحٰنَهٗ​ؕ اِذَا قَضٰٓى اَمۡرًا فَاِنَّمَا يَقُوۡلُ لَهٗ كُنۡ فَيَكُوۡنُؕ‏ ٣٥ وَاِنَّ اللّٰهَ رَبِّىۡ وَرَبُّكُمۡ فَاعۡبُدُوۡهُ ​ؕ هٰذَا صِرَاطٌ مُّسۡتَقِيۡمٌ‏  ٣٦

And He has made me blessed wherever I am and has enjoined upon me prayer and zakāh as long as I remain alive And [made me] dutiful to my mother, and He has not made me a wretched tyrant. And peace is on me the day I was born and the day I will die and the day I am raised alive." That is Jesus, the son of Mary - the word of truth about which they are in dispute. It is not [befitting] for Allāh to take a son; exalted is He! When He decrees an affair, He only says to it, "Be," and it is. [Jesus said], "And indeed, Allāh is my Lord and your Lord, so worship Him. That is a straight path." 

[Al-Quran 19:27-36]

Mary (Maryam عليها السلام), mother of Jesus (Messiah Isa عليه السلام), is the only woman mentioned by name in The Quran. Even the names of all other women been kept away from the public domain, regardless of their piety or otherwise. They are simply referred to by their husband or father's names.   

Allah سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى has created men and women for specialised roles. Each has been granted qualities and abilities suited to their roles. We have all been created to serve Allah سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى , and each one has a role to play. We can best serve Him by submitting to His rules and regulations, and staying within the boundaries and limits He has set for us. 

Allah سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى has neither forbidden nor encouraged public roles for women. He knows that not all men will be pious enough to shoulder their responsibilities, and some women will need to step out of their homes to make ends meet. We should try our best to avoid public roles for women, as far as possible, to maintain the ideal social system created by Allah سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى . 

Allah سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى knows best. 

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Also read:

The Covenant & Its Ratification 

Adam & Job  

Allah Loves

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وَاَنۡفِقُوۡا فِىۡ سَبِيۡلِ اللّٰهِ وَلَا تُلۡقُوۡا بِاَيۡدِيۡكُمۡ اِلَى التَّهۡلُكَةِ ۖ  ۛۚ وَاَحۡسِنُوۡا  ۛۚ اِنَّ اللّٰهَ يُحِبُّ الۡمُحۡسِنِيۡنَ‏١٩٥

And spend in the way of Allāh and do not throw [yourselves] with your [own] hands into destruction [by refraining]. And do good; indeed, Allāh loves the doers of good.

[Al-Quran 2:195, Translation: Saheeh International]

Q2:195 is in the context of special permission granted in the sacred months to fight those who fight you, fearing Allah, containing fitna with equal retaliation (قِصَاصٌ​ؕ), and not exceeding the bounds set by Allah. The muhseneen (الۡمُحۡسِنِيۡنَ‏) whom Allah loves, endure the hardships and still observe the boundaries and their duties. 

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وَ يَسۡـــَٔلُوۡنَكَ عَنِ الۡمَحِيۡضِ​ۙ قُلۡ هُوَ اَذًى فَاعۡتَزِلُوۡا النِّسَآءَ فِى الۡمَحِيۡضِ​ۙ وَلَا تَقۡرَبُوۡهُنَّ حَتّٰى يَطۡهُرۡنَ​​ۚ فَاِذَا تَطَهَّرۡنَ فَاۡتُوۡهُنَّ مِنۡ حَيۡثُ اَمَرَكُمُ اللّٰهُ​ؕ اِنَّ اللّٰهَ يُحِبُّ التَّوَّابِيۡنَ وَيُحِبُّ الۡمُتَطَهِّرِيۡنَ‏ ٢٢٢

And they ask you about menstruation. Say, "It is harm, so keep away from wives during menstruation. And do not approach them until they are pure. And when they have purified themselves, then come to them from where Allāh has ordained for you. Indeed, Allāh loves those who are constantly repentant and loves those who purify themselves."

[Al-Quran 2:222, Translation: Saheeh International]

Q2:222 states that Allah loves the repentant, and Allah loves those who keep purifying themselves. It is perhaps in our most private moments that our true self is revealed. The true believers are truly concerned about their duty, which must take a precedence over desire. 

The previous ayat (Q2:221) was the directive to believers to not marry polytheists, even if they are pleasing to the believer, as they invite to the Fire, while Allah invites to Paradise and forgiveness, with His Permission. 

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قُلۡ اِنۡ كُنۡتُمۡ تُحِبُّوۡنَ اللّٰهَ فَاتَّبِعُوۡنِىۡ يُحۡبِبۡكُمُ اللّٰهُ وَيَغۡفِرۡ لَـكُمۡ ذُنُوۡبَكُمۡؕ​ وَاللّٰهُ غَفُوۡرٌ رَّحِيۡمٌ‏ ٣١

Say, [O Muḥammad], "If you should love Allāh, then follow me, [so] Allāh will love you and forgive you your sins. And Allāh is Forgiving and Merciful."

[Al-Quran 3:31, Translation: Saheeh International]

The proof of one's love for Allah is obedience, following the way shown by Allah's Prophet and Messenger. 

The previous ayat (Q3:30) warns of the Day when each and every good and evil a nafs has accumulated in its record will be displayed, while it'll wish that there was a great distance between it and its evil; and Allah warns with His Own Nafs, Allah is Kind to His Servants. 

So, the safest way out is to follow the Prophet, as he understood and knew better than other humans. 

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الَّذِيۡنَ يُنۡفِقُوۡنَ فِى السَّرَّآءِ وَالضَّرَّآءِ وَالۡكٰظِمِيۡنَ الۡغَيۡظَ وَالۡعَافِيۡنَ عَنِ النَّاسِ​ؕ وَاللّٰهُ يُحِبُّ الۡمُحۡسِنِيۡنَ​ۚ‏ ١٣٤

Who spend [in the cause of Allāh] during ease and hardship and who restrain anger and who pardon the people - and Allāh loves the doers of good;

[Al-Quran 3:134, Translation: Saheeh International]

Q3:130 forbids from consuming interest, wealth multiplied many times; next ayat: fear The Fire; next ayat: obey Allah and His Messenger so you may be shown mercy; next ayat: hasten to forgiveness and a garden as big as the skies and earth, prepared for the muttaqeen, and then Q3:134 describes these people as those who spend (give to others) whether they are in ease or hardship, and they restrain anger, and they pardon people, and Allah loves the doers of good. 

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وَكَاَيِّنۡ مِّنۡ نَّبِىٍّ قٰتَلَ ۙ مَعَهٗ رِبِّيُّوۡنَ كَثِيۡرٌ ۚ فَمَا وَهَنُوۡا لِمَاۤ اَصَابَهُمۡ فِىۡ سَبِيۡلِ اللّٰهِ وَمَا ضَعُفُوۡا وَمَا اسۡتَكَانُوۡا ​ؕ وَاللّٰهُ يُحِبُّ الصّٰبِرِيۡنَ‏ ١٤٦ وَمَا كَانَ قَوۡلَهُمۡ اِلَّاۤ اَنۡ قَالُوۡا رَبَّنَا اغۡفِرۡ لَنَا ذُنُوۡبَنَا وَاِسۡرَافَنَا فِىۡۤ اَمۡرِنَا وَ ثَبِّتۡ اَقۡدَامَنَا وَانۡصُرۡنَا عَلَى الۡقَوۡمِ الۡكٰفِرِيۡنَ‏ ١٤٧ فَاٰتٰٮهُمُ اللّٰهُ ثَوَابَ الدُّنۡيَا وَحُسۡنَ ثَوَابِ الۡاٰخِرَةِ​ ؕ وَاللّٰهُ يُحِبُّ الۡمُحۡسِنِيۡنَ‏ ١٤٨

And how many a prophet [fought in battle and] with him fought many religious scholars. But they never lost assurance due to what afflicted them in the cause of Allāh, nor did they weaken or submit. And Allāh loves the steadfast. And their words were not but that they said, "Our Lord, forgive us our sins and the excess [committed] in our affairs and plant firmly our feet and give us victory over the disbelieving people." So Allah gave them the reward of this world and the excellent reward of the Hereafter. For Allah loves the good-doers.

[Al-Quran 3:146-148, Translation: Saheeh International]

In the context of battles: fighting holy wars, the Prophet of Allah and the 'رِبِّيُّوۡنَ' along side their prophet, for the sake of their Lord 'رِبِّ'. In battles, sometimes one side wins, sometimes the other; to remain steadfast even in the face of losses, and to not lose hope or faith, that is to truly be steadfast for the cause, to believe in what you're doing, and why it must be done. And Allah loves those who are steadfast, who patiently endure and persevere, and continue to do the good work. 

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فَبِمَا رَحۡمَةٍ مِّنَ اللّٰهِ لِنۡتَ لَهُمۡ​ۚ وَلَوۡ كُنۡتَ فَظًّا غَلِيۡظَ الۡقَلۡبِ لَانْفَضُّوۡا مِنۡ حَوۡلِكَ​ فَاعۡفُ عَنۡهُمۡ وَاسۡتَغۡفِرۡ لَهُمۡ وَشَاوِرۡهُمۡ فِى الۡاَمۡرِ​ۚ فَاِذَا عَزَمۡتَ فَتَوَكَّلۡ عَلَى اللّٰهِ​ؕ اِنَّ اللّٰهَ يُحِبُّ الۡمُتَوَكِّلِيۡنَ‏ ١٥٩ اِنۡ يَّنۡصُرۡكُمُ اللّٰهُ فَلَا غَالِبَ لَـكُمۡ​ۚ وَاِنۡ يَّخۡذُلۡكُمۡ فَمَنۡ ذَا الَّذِىۡ يَنۡصُرُكُمۡ مِّنۡۢ بَعۡدِهٖ ​ؕ وَعَلَى اللّٰهِ فَلۡيَتَوَكَّلِ الۡمُؤۡمِنُوۡنَ‏  ١٦٠ 

So by mercy from Allāh, [O Muḥammad], you were lenient with them. And if you had been rude [in speech] and harsh in heart, they would have disbanded from about you. So pardon them and ask forgiveness for them and consult them in the matter. And when you have decided, then rely upon Allāh. Indeed, Allāh loves those who rely [upon Him]. If Allāh should aid you, no one can overcome you; but if He should forsake you, who is there that can aid you after Him? And upon Allāh let the believers rely.

[Al-Quran 3:159-160, Translation: Saheeh International]

Tracing the events that unfolded at Uhud, the weaknesses that were exposed, the losses that were suffered, why Satan was able to overcome some people; and why its better to die or be killed fighting in the cause of Allah, the forgiveness and mercy of Allah being better than worldly accumulations, as it is to Allah that we will all be gathered. Then these ayaat emphasise the need to stay united, and to rely upon Allah. Allah loves those who rely upon Him. 

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۞ وَلَقَدۡ اَخَذَ اللّٰهُ مِيۡثَاقَ بَنِىۡۤ اِسۡرآءِيۡلَ​ۚ وَبَعَثۡنَا مِنۡهُمُ اثۡنَىۡ عَشَرَ نَقِيۡبًا​ ؕ وَقَالَ اللّٰهُ اِنِّىۡ مَعَكُمۡ​ؕ لَٮِٕنۡ اَقَمۡتُمُ الصَّلٰوةَ وَاٰتَيۡتُمُ الزَّكٰوةَ وَاٰمَنۡتُمۡ بِرُسُلِىۡ وَعَزَّرۡتُمُوۡهُمۡ وَاَقۡرَضۡتُمُ اللّٰهَ قَرۡضًا حَسَنًا لَّاُكَفِّرَنَّ عَنۡكُمۡ سَيِّاٰتِكُمۡ وَلَاُدۡخِلَـنَّكُمۡ جَنّٰتٍ تَجۡرِىۡ مِنۡ تَحۡتِهَا الۡاَنۡهٰرُ​ۚ فَمَنۡ كَفَرَ بَعۡدَ ذٰ لِكَ مِنۡكُمۡ فَقَدۡ ضَلَّ سَوَآءَ السَّبِيۡلِ‏ ١٢ فَبِمَا نَقۡضِهِمۡ مِّيۡثَاقَهُمۡ لَعَنّٰهُمۡ وَجَعَلۡنَا قُلُوۡبَهُمۡ قٰسِيَةً​ ۚ يُحَرِّفُوۡنَ الۡـكَلِمَ عَنۡ مَّوَاضِعِهٖ​ۙ وَنَسُوۡا حَظًّا مِّمَّا ذُكِّرُوۡا بِهٖۚ وَلَا تَزَالُ تَطَّلِعُ عَلٰى خَآٮِٕنَةٍ مِّنۡهُمۡ اِلَّا قَلِيۡلًا مِّنۡهُمۡ​ فَاعۡفُ عَنۡهُمۡ وَاصۡفَحۡ​ ؕ اِنَّ اللّٰهَ يُحِبُّ الۡمُحۡسِنِيۡنَ‏ ١٣

And Allāh had already taken a covenant from the Children of Israel, and We delegated from among them twelve leaders. And Allāh said, "I am with you. If you establish prayer and give zakāh and believe in My messengers and support them and loan Allāh a goodly loan, I will surely remove from you your misdeeds and admit you to gardens beneath which rivers flow. But whoever of you disbelieves after that has certainly strayed from the soundness of the way." So for their breaking of the covenant We cursed them and made their hearts hardened. They distort words from their [proper] places [i.e., usages] and have forgotten a portion of that of which they were reminded. And you will still observe deceit among them, except a few of them. But pardon them and overlook [their misdeeds]. Indeed, Allāh loves the doers of good. 

[Al-Quran 5:12-13, Translation: Saheeh International]

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۞ يٰۤـاَيُّهَا الرَّسُوۡلُ لَا يَحۡزُنۡكَ الَّذِيۡنَ يُسَارِعُوۡنَ فِى الۡكُفۡرِ مِنَ الَّذِيۡنَ قَالُوۡۤا اٰمَنَّا بِاَ فۡوَاهِهِمۡ وَلَمۡ تُؤۡمِنۡ قُلُوۡبُهُمۡ​ ​ۛۚ وَمِنَ الَّذِيۡنَ هَادُوۡا ​ ۛۚ سَمّٰعُوۡنَ لِلۡكَذِبِ سَمّٰعُوۡنَ لِقَوۡمٍ اٰخَرِيۡنَۙ لَمۡ يَاۡتُوۡكَ​ؕ يُحَرِّفُوۡنَ الۡـكَلِمَ مِنۡۢ بَعۡدِ مَوَاضِعِهٖ​ۚ يَقُوۡلُوۡنَ اِنۡ اُوۡتِيۡتُمۡ هٰذَا فَخُذُوۡهُ وَاِنۡ لَّمۡ تُؤۡتَوۡهُ فَاحۡذَرُوۡا​ ؕ وَمَنۡ يُّرِدِ اللّٰهُ فِتۡنَـتَهٗ فَلَنۡ تَمۡلِكَ لَهٗ مِنَ اللّٰهِ شَيۡــًٔـا​ؕ اُولٰٓٮِٕكَ الَّذِيۡنَ لَمۡ يُرِدِ اللّٰهُ اَنۡ يُّطَهِّرَ قُلُوۡبَهُمۡ​ ؕ لَهُمۡ فِىۡ الدُّنۡيَا خِزۡىٌ ۚۖ وَّلَهُمۡ فِىۡ الۡاٰخِرَةِ عَذَابٌ عَظِيۡمٌ‏ ٤١ سَمّٰعُوۡنَ لِلۡكَذِبِ اَ كّٰلُوۡنَ لِلسُّحۡتِ​ؕ فَاِنۡ جَآءُوۡكَ فَاحۡكُمۡ بَيۡنَهُمۡ اَوۡ اَعۡرِضۡ عَنۡهُمۡ​ ۚ وَاِنۡ تُعۡرِضۡ عَنۡهُمۡ فَلَنۡ يَّضُرُّوۡكَ شَيۡــًٔـا​ ؕ وَاِنۡ حَكَمۡتَ فَاحۡكُمۡ بَيۡنَهُمۡ بِالۡقِسۡطِ​ ؕ اِنَّ اللّٰهَ يُحِبُّ الۡمُقۡسِطِيۡنَ‏ ٤٢

O Messenger, let them not grieve you who hasten into disbelief of those who say, "We believe" with their mouths, but their hearts believe not, and from among the Jews. [They are] avid listeners to falsehood, listening to another people who have not come to you. They distort words beyond their [proper] places [i.e., usages], saying, "If you are given this, take it; but if you are not given it, then beware." But he for whom Allāh intends fitnah - never will you possess [power to do] for him a thing against Allāh. Those are the ones for whom Allāh does not intend to purify their hearts. For them in this world is disgrace, and for them in the Hereafter is a great punishment. [They are] avid listeners to falsehood, devourers of [what is] unlawful. So if they come to you, [O Muḥammad], judge between them or turn away from them. And if you turn away from them - never will they harm you at all. And if you judge, judge between them with justice. Indeed, Allāh loves those who act justly.

[Al-Quran 5:41-42, Translation: Saheeh International]

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يٰۤـاَيُّهَا الَّذِيۡنَ اٰمَنُوۡا مَنۡ يَّرۡتَدَّ مِنۡكُمۡ عَنۡ دِيۡـنِهٖ فَسَوۡفَ يَاۡتِى اللّٰهُ بِقَوۡمٍ يُّحِبُّهُمۡ وَيُحِبُّوۡنَهٗۤ ۙ اَذِلَّةٍ عَلَى الۡمُؤۡمِنِيۡنَ اَعِزَّةٍ عَلَى الۡكٰفِرِيۡنَ يُجَاهِدُوۡنَ فِىۡ سَبِيۡلِ اللّٰهِ وَلَا يَخَافُوۡنَ لَوۡمَةَ لَاۤٮِٕمٍ​ ؕ ذٰ لِكَ فَضۡلُ اللّٰهِ يُؤۡتِيۡهِ مَنۡ يَّشَآءُ​ ؕ وَاللّٰهُ وَاسِعٌ عَلِيۡمٌ‏ ٥٤

O you who have believed, whoever of you should revert from his religion - Allāh will bring forth [in place of them] a people He will love and who will love Him [who are] humble toward the believers, strong against the disbelievers; they strive in the cause of Allāh and do not fear the blame of a critic. That is the favor of Allāh; He bestows it upon whom He wills. And Allāh is all-Encompassing and Knowing.

[Al-Quran 5:54, Translation: Saheeh International]

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يٰۤاَيُّهَا الَّذِيۡنَ اٰمَنُوۡۤا اِنَّمَا الۡخَمۡرُ وَالۡمَيۡسِرُ وَالۡاَنۡصَابُ وَالۡاَزۡلَامُ رِجۡسٌ مِّنۡ عَمَلِ الشَّيۡطٰنِ فَاجۡتَنِبُوۡهُ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تُفۡلِحُوۡنَ‏  ٩٠ اِنَّمَا يُرِيۡدُ الشَّيۡطٰنُ اَنۡ يُّوۡقِعَ بَيۡنَكُمُ الۡعَدَاوَةَ وَالۡبَغۡضَآءَ فِى الۡخَمۡرِ وَالۡمَيۡسِرِ وَيَصُدَّكُمۡ عَنۡ ذِكۡرِ اللّٰهِ وَعَنِ الصَّلٰوةِ​ ۚ فَهَلۡ اَنۡـتُمۡ مُّنۡتَهُوۡنَ‏ ٩١ وَاَطِيۡعُوا اللّٰهَ وَاَطِيۡعُوا الرَّسُوۡلَ وَاحۡذَرُوۡا​ ۚ فَاِنۡ تَوَلَّيۡتُمۡ فَاعۡلَمُوۡۤا اَنَّمَا عَلٰى رَسُوۡلِنَا الۡبَلٰغُ الۡمُبِيۡنُ‏ ٩٢ لَـيۡسَ عَلَى الَّذِيۡنَ اٰمَنُوۡا وَعَمِلُوا الصّٰلِحٰتِ جُنَاحٌ فِيۡمَا طَعِمُوۡۤا اِذَا مَا اتَّقَوا وَّاٰمَنُوۡا وَعَمِلُوا الصّٰلِحٰتِ ثُمَّ اتَّقَوا وَّاٰمَنُوۡا ثُمَّ اتَّقَوا وَّاَحۡسَنُوۡا​ ؕ وَاللّٰهُ يُحِبُّ الۡمُحۡسِنِيۡنَ‏  ٩٣

O you who have believed, indeed, intoxicants, gambling, [sacrificing on] stone alters [to other than Allāh], and divining arrows are but defilement from the work of Satan, so avoid1 it that you may be successful. Satan only wants to cause between you animosity and hatred through intoxicants and gambling and to avert you from the remembrance of Allāh and from prayer. So will you not desist? And obey Allāh and obey the Messenger and beware. And if you turn away - then know that upon Our Messenger is only [the responsibility for] clear notification. There is not upon those who believe and do righteousness [any] blame concerning what they have eaten [in the past] if they [now] fear Allāh and believe and do righteous deeds, and then fear Allāh and believe, and then fear Allāh and do good; and Allāh loves the doers of good. 

[Al-Quran 5:90-93, Translation: Saheeh International]

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بَرَآءَةٌ مِّنَ اللّٰهِ وَرَسُوۡلِهٖۤ اِلَى الَّذِيۡنَ عَاهَدتُّمۡ مِّنَ الۡمُشۡرِكِيۡنَ ؕ‏ ١ فَسِيۡحُوۡا فِى الۡاَرۡضِ اَرۡبَعَةَ اَشۡهُرٍ وَّاعۡلَمُوۡۤا اَنَّكُمۡ غَيۡرُ مُعۡجِزِى اللّٰهِ​ۙ وَاَنَّ اللّٰهَ مُخۡزِى الۡكٰفِرِيۡنَ‏ ٢ وَاَذَانٌ مِّنَ اللّٰهِ وَرَسُوۡلِهٖۤ اِلَى النَّاسِ يَوۡمَ الۡحَجِّ الۡاَكۡبَرِ اَنَّ اللّٰهَ بَرِىۡۤءٌ مِّنَ الۡمُشۡرِكِيۡنَ وَ رَسُوۡلُهٗ​ ؕ فَاِنۡ تُبۡتُمۡ فَهُوَ خَيۡرٌ لَّـكُمۡ ​ۚ وَاِنۡ تَوَلَّيۡتُمۡ فَاعۡلَمُوۡۤا اَنَّكُمۡ غَيۡرُ مُعۡجِزِى اللّٰهِ​ ؕ وَبَشِّرِ الَّذِيۡنَ كَفَرُوۡا بِعَذَابٍ اَ لِيۡمٍۙ‏ ٣ اِلَّا الَّذِيۡنَ عَاهَدتُّمۡ مِّنَ الۡمُشۡرِكِيۡنَ ثُمَّ لَمۡ يَنۡقُصُوۡكُمۡ شَيۡـًٔـا وَّلَمۡ يُظَاهِرُوۡا عَلَيۡكُمۡ اَحَدًا فَاَتِمُّوۡۤا اِلَيۡهِمۡ عَهۡدَهُمۡ اِلٰى مُدَّتِهِمۡ​ؕ اِنَّ اللّٰهَ يُحِبُّ الۡمُتَّقِيۡنَ‏ ٤

[This is a declaration of] disassociation, from Allāh and His Messenger, to those with whom you had made a treaty among the polytheists. So travel freely, [O disbelievers], throughout the land [during] four months but know that you cannot cause failure to Allāh and that Allāh will disgrace the disbelievers. And [it is] an announcement from Allāh and His Messenger to the people on the day of the greater pilgrimage that Allāh is disassociated from the disbelievers, and [so is] His Messenger. So if you repent, that is best for you; but if you turn away - then know that you will not cause failure to Allāh. And give tidings to those who disbelieve of a painful punishment. Excepted are those with whom you made a treaty among the polytheists and then they have not been deficient toward you in anything or supported anyone against you; so complete for them their treaty until their term [has ended]. Indeed, Allāh loves the righteous [who fear Him].

[Al-Quran 9:1-4, Translation: Saheeh International]

After two decades of inviting to the Deen of Allah, finally the State of Mecca is given notice of war by Allah and His Messenger Muhammad ﷺ . Even then, those who kept their word in their treaties, those treaties must be honoured. 

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كَيۡفَ يَكُوۡنُ لِلۡمُشۡرِكِيۡنَ عَهۡدٌ عِنۡدَ اللّٰهِ وَعِنۡدَ رَسُوۡلِهٖۤ اِلَّا الَّذِيۡنَ عَاهَدتُّمۡ عِنۡدَ الۡمَسۡجِدِ الۡحَـرَامِ​ ۚ فَمَا اسۡتَقَامُوۡا لَـكُمۡ فَاسۡتَقِيۡمُوۡا لَهُمۡ​ ؕ اِنَّ اللّٰهَ يُحِبُّ الۡمُتَّقِيۡنَ‏ ٧

How can there be for the polytheists a treaty in the sight of Allāh and with His Messenger, except for those with whom you made a treaty at al-Masjid al-Ḥarām? So as long as they are upright toward you, be upright toward them. Indeed, Allāh loves the righteous [who fear Him].

[Al-Quran 9:7, Translation: Saheeh International]

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لَا تَقُمۡ فِيۡهِ اَبَدًا ​ؕ لَمَسۡجِدٌ اُسِّسَ عَلَى التَّقۡوٰى مِنۡ اَوَّلِ يَوۡمٍ اَحَقُّ اَنۡ تَقُوۡمَ فِيۡهِ​ؕ فِيۡهِ رِجَالٌ يُّحِبُّوۡنَ اَنۡ يَّتَطَهَّرُوۡا ​ؕ وَاللّٰهُ يُحِبُّ الۡمُطَّهِّرِيۡنَ‏ ١٠٨

Do not stand [for prayer] within it - ever. A mosque founded on righteousness from the first day is more worthy for you to stand in. Within it are men who love to purify themselves; and Allāh loves those who purify themselves.

[Al-Quran 9:108, Translation: Saheeh International]

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وَاِنۡ طَآٮِٕفَتٰنِ مِنَ الۡمُؤۡمِنِيۡنَ اقۡتَتَلُوۡا فَاَصۡلِحُوۡا بَيۡنَهُمَا​ۚ فَاِنۡۢ بَغَتۡ اِحۡدٰٮهُمَا عَلَى الۡاُخۡرٰى فَقَاتِلُوا الَّتِىۡ تَبۡغِىۡ حَتّٰى تَفِىۡٓءَ اِلٰٓى اَمۡرِ اللّٰهِ ​ۚ فَاِنۡ فَآءَتۡ فَاَصۡلِحُوۡا بَيۡنَهُمَا بِالۡعَدۡلِ وَاَقۡسِطُوۡا ؕ​ اِنَّ اللّٰهَ يُحِبُّ الۡمُقۡسِطِيۡنَ‏ ٩ اِنَّمَا الۡمُؤۡمِنُوۡنَ اِخۡوَةٌ فَاَصۡلِحُوۡا بَيۡنَ اَخَوَيۡكُمۡ​وَ اتَّقُوا اللّٰهَ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تُرۡحَمُوۡنَ‏ ١٠

And if two factions among the believers should fight, then make settlement between the two. But if one of them oppresses the other, then fight against the one that oppresses until it returns to the ordinance of Allāh. And if it returns, then make settlement between them in justice and act justly. Indeed, Allāh loves those who act justly. The believers are but brothers, so make settlement between your brothers. And fear Allāh that you may receive mercy.

[Al-Quran 49:9, Translation: Saheeh International]

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لَقَدۡ كَانَ لَـكُمۡ فِيۡهِمۡ اُسۡوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ لِّمَنۡ كَانَ يَرۡجُوا اللّٰهَ وَالۡيَوۡمَ الۡاٰخِرَ​ ؕ وَمَنۡ يَّتَوَلَّ فَاِنَّ اللّٰهَ هُوَ الۡغَنِىُّ الۡحَمِيۡدُ‏  ٦ ۞ عَسَى اللّٰهُ اَنۡ يَّجۡعَلَ بَيۡنَكُمۡ وَبَيۡنَ الَّذِيۡنَ عَادَيۡتُمۡ مِّنۡهُمۡ مَّوَدَّةً ؕ وَاللّٰهُ قَدِيۡرٌ​ؕ وَاللّٰهُ غَفُوۡرٌ رَّحِيۡمٌ‏ ٧ لَا يَنۡهٰٮكُمُ اللّٰهُ عَنِ الَّذِيۡنَ لَمۡ يُقَاتِلُوۡكُمۡ فِى الدِّيۡنِ وَلَمۡ يُخۡرِجُوۡكُمۡ مِّنۡ دِيَارِكُمۡ اَنۡ تَبَرُّوۡهُمۡ وَ تُقۡسِطُوۡۤا اِلَيۡهِمۡ​ؕ اِنَّ اللّٰهَ يُحِبُّ الۡمُقۡسِطِيۡنَ‏ ٨ اِنَّمَا يَنۡهٰٮكُمُ اللّٰهُ عَنِ الَّذِيۡنَ قَاتَلُوۡكُمۡ فِى الدِّيۡنِ وَاَخۡرَجُوۡكُمۡ مِّنۡ دِيَارِكُمۡ وَظَاهَرُوۡا عَلٰٓى اِخۡرَاجِكُمۡ اَنۡ تَوَلَّوۡهُمۡ​ۚ وَمَنۡ يَّتَوَلَّهُمۡ فَاُولٰٓٮِٕكَ هُمُ الظّٰلِمُوۡنَ‏ ٩

There has certainly been for you in them an excellent pattern for anyone whose hope is in Allāh and the Last Day. And whoever turns away - then indeed, Allāh is the Free of need, the Praiseworthy. Perhaps Allāh will put, between you and those to whom you have been enemies among them, affection. And Allāh is competent, and Allāh is Forgiving and Merciful. Allāh does not forbid you from those who do not fight you because of religion and do not expel you from your homes - from being righteous toward them and acting justly toward them. Indeed, Allāh loves those who act justly. Allāh only forbids you from those who fight you because of religion and expel you from your homes and aid in your expulsion - [forbids] that you make allies of them. And whoever makes allies of them, then it is those who are the wrongdoers.

[Al-Quran 60:6-9, Translation: Saheeh International]

In the example of Abraham (Ibrahim عليه السلام) is an excellent pattern of conduct. 

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سَبَّحَ لِلّٰهِ مَا فِى السَّمٰوٰتِ وَمَا فِى الۡاَرۡضِ​ۚ وَهُوَ الۡعَزِيۡزُ الۡحَكِيۡمُ‏ ١ يٰۤاَيُّهَا الَّذِيۡنَ اٰمَنُوۡا لِمَ تَقُوۡلُوۡنَ مَا لَا تَفۡعَلُوۡنَ‏ ٢ كَبُرَ مَقۡتًا عِنۡدَ اللّٰهِ اَنۡ تَقُوۡلُوۡا مَا لَا تَفۡعَلُوۡنَ‏ ٣ اِنَّ اللّٰهَ يُحِبُّ الَّذِيۡنَ يُقَاتِلُوۡنَ فِىۡ سَبِيۡلِهٖ صَفًّا كَاَنَّهُمۡ بُنۡيَانٌ مَّرۡصُوۡصٌ‏ ٤

Whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth exalts Allāh, and He is the Exalted in Might, the Wise. O you who have believed, why do you say what you do not do? Greatly hateful in the sight of Allāh is that you say what you do not do. Indeed, Allāh loves those who fight in His cause in a row as though they are a [single] structure joined firmly. 

[Al-Quran 61:1-4, Translation: Saheeh International]

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[Al-Quran 1:1, Translation: Saheeh International]

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Quran search triliteral root ḥā bā bā (ح ب ب) : https://corpus.quran.com/qurandictionary.jsp?q=Hbb

 

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