The Precepts of Wisdom in Surah al-Isra

لَّا تَجْعَلْ مَعَ اللَّهِ إِلَٰهًا آخَرَ فَتَقْعُدَ مَذْمُومًا مَّخْذُولًا

 

#1 Q17:22 Take not with God another object of worship; or thou (O man!) wilt sit in disgrace and destitution.

وَقَضَىٰ رَبُّكَ أَلَّا تَعْبُدُوا إِلَّا إِيَّاهُ وَبِالْوَالِدَيْنِ إِحْسَانًا إِمَّا يَبْلُغَنَّ عِندَكَ الْكِبَرَ أَحَدُهُمَا أَوْ كِلَاهُمَا فَلَا تَقُل لَّهُمَا أُفٍّ وَلَا تَنْهَرْهُمَا وَقُل لَّهُمَا قَوْلًا كَرِيمًا

وَاخْفِضْ لَهُمَا جَنَاحَ الذُّلِّ مِنَ الرَّحْمَةِ وَقُل رَّبِّ ارْحَمْهُمَا كَمَا رَبَّيَانِي صَغِيرًا

رَّبُّكُمْ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا فِي نُفُوسِكُمْ إِن تَكُونُوا صَالِحِينَ فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ لِلْأَوَّابِينَ غَفُورًا

#2 Q17:23-25 Thy Lord hath decreed that ye worship none but Him, and that ye be kind to parents. Whether one or both of them attain old age in thy life, say not to them a word of contempt, nor repel them, but address them in terms of honour. And, out of kindness, lower to them the wing of humility, and say: "My Lord! bestow on them thy Mercy even as they cherished me in childhood.” Your Lord knoweth best what is in your hearts: If ye do deeds of righteousness, verily He is Most Forgiving to those who turn to Him again and again (in true penitence).

وَآتِ ذَا الْقُرْبَىٰ حَقَّهُ وَالْمِسْكِينَ وَابْنَ السَّبِيلِ وَلَا تُبَذِّرْ تَبْذِيرًا

إِنَّ الْمُبَذِّرِينَ كَانُوا إِخْوَانَ الشَّيَاطِينِ وَكَانَ الشَّيْطَانُ لِرَبِّهِ كَفُورًا

وَإِمَّا تُعْرِضَنَّ عَنْهُمُ ابْتِغَاءَ رَحْمَةٍ مِّن رَّبِّكَ تَرْجُوهَا فَقُل لَّهُمْ قَوْلًا مَّيْسُورًا

وَلَا تَجْعَلْ يَدَكَ مَغْلُولَةً إِلَىٰ عُنُقِكَ وَلَا تَبْسُطْهَا كُلَّ الْبَسْطِ فَتَقْعُدَ مَلُومًا مَّحْسُورًا

إِنَّ رَبَّكَ يَبْسُطُ الرِّزْقَ لِمَن يَشَاءُ وَيَقْدِرُ إِنَّهُ كَانَ بِعِبَادِهِ خَبِيرًا بَصِيرًا

#3 Q17:26-30 And render to the kindred their due rights, as (also) to those in want, and to the wayfarer: But squander not (your wealth) in the manner of a spendthrift. Verily spendthrifts are brothers of the Evil Ones; and the Evil One is to his Lord (himself) ungrateful. And even if thou hast to turn away from them in pursuit of the Mercy from thy Lord which thou dost expect, yet speak to them a word of easy kindness. Make not thy hand tied (like a niggard's) to thy neck, nor stretch it forth to its utmost reach, so that thou become blameworthy and destitute. Verily thy Lord doth provide sustenance in abundance for whom He pleaseth, and He provideth in a just measure. For He doth know and regard all His servants. 

وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا أَوْلَادَكُمْ خَشْيَةَ إِمْلَاقٍ نَّحْنُ نَرْزُقُهُمْ وَإِيَّاكُمْ إِنَّ قَتْلَهُمْ كَانَ خِطْئًا كَبِيرًا

#4 Q17:31 Kill not your children for fear of want: We shall provide sustenance for them as well as for you. Verily the killing of them is a great sin.

وَلَا تَقْرَبُوا الزِّنَا إِنَّهُ كَانَ فَاحِشَةً وَسَاءَ سَبِيلًا

#5 Q17:32 Nor come nigh to adultery: for it is a shameful (deed) and an evil, opening the road (to other evils).

وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا النَّفْسَ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ إِلَّا بِالْحَقِّ وَمَن قُتِلَ مَظْلُومًا فَقَدْ جَعَلْنَا لِوَلِيِّهِ سُلْطَانًا فَلَا يُسْرِف فِّي الْقَتْلِ إِنَّهُ كَانَ مَنصُورًا

#6 Q17:33 Nor take life - which God has made sacred - except for just cause. And if anyone is slain wrongfully, we have given his heir authority (to demand qisas or to forgive): but let him nor exceed bounds in the matter of taking life; for he is helped (by the Law). 

وَلَا تَقْرَبُوا مَالَ الْيَتِيمِ إِلَّا بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ حَتَّىٰ يَبْلُغَ أَشُدَّهُ وَأَوْفُوا بِالْعَهْدِ إِنَّ الْعَهْدَ كَانَ مَسْئُولًا

#7 Q17:34 Come not nigh to the orphan's property except to improve it, until he attains the age of full strength; #8 and fulfil (every) engagement, for (every) engagement will be enquired into (on the Day of Reckoning).

وَأَوْفُوا الْكَيْلَ إِذَا كِلْتُمْ وَزِنُوا بِالْقِسْطَاسِ الْمُسْتَقِيمِ ذَٰلِكَ خَيْرٌ وَأَحْسَنُ تَأْوِيلًا

#9 Q17:35 Give full measure when ye measure, and weigh with a balance that is straight: that is the most fitting and the most advantageous in the final determination. 

وَلَا تَقْفُ مَا لَيْسَ لَكَ بِهِ عِلْمٌ إِنَّ السَّمْعَ وَالْبَصَرَ وَالْفُؤَادَ كُلُّ أُولَٰئِكَ كَانَ عَنْهُ مَسْئُولًا

#10 Q17:36 And pursue not that of which thou hast no knowledge; for every act of hearing, or of seeing or of (feeling in) the heart will be enquired into (on the Day of Reckoning). 

وَلَا تَمْشِ فِي الْأَرْضِ مَرَحًا إِنَّكَ لَن تَخْرِقَ الْأَرْضَ وَلَن تَبْلُغَ الْجِبَالَ طُولًا

كُلُّ ذَٰلِكَ كَانَ سَيِّئُهُ عِندَ رَبِّكَ مَكْرُوهًا

#11 Q17:37-38 Nor walk on the earth with insolence: for thou canst not rend the earth asunder, nor reach the mountains in height. Of all such things the evil is hateful in the sight of thy Lord.

ذَٰلِكَ مِمَّا أَوْحَىٰ إِلَيْكَ رَبُّكَ مِنَ الْحِكْمَةِ وَلَا تَجْعَلْ مَعَ اللَّهِ إِلَٰهًا آخَرَ فَتُلْقَىٰ فِي جَهَنَّمَ مَلُومًا مَّدْحُورًا

Q17:39 These are among the (precepts of) wisdom, which thy Lord has revealed to thee. Take not, with God, another object of worship, lest thou shouldst be thrown into Hell, blameworthy and rejected. 

 -  Translator: Yusuf Ali

This slide is originally posted in Muhammad ﷺ – Ascension & Return

A Discussion with a Hindu

In response to my comments on article Which Quran, Mecca or Medina?, Mr G asked: 

Sorry I disagree with some of this. Why should there be a limitation on the numbers of prophets. Furthermore , when God comes into this world and gives his message, his message takes precedence over the messages of all the prophets. Since Arabia was a violent society when Mohammed appeared and gave his message, we can accept him as a prophet. However, recently in India we had a prophet by name Chaitanya and gave the dharma for the entire Iron Age. His gave the Mahamantra or congregational chanting of holy name of Krishna as the means of deliverance of the souls. There was a Muslim in Bengal who became his devotee and adopted the chanting of the holyname. You are welcome to do more research on Chaitanya .

My reply: Of course we disagree, which is why we profess different faiths. It is important to ask the questions we have, so that there is some clarity.

According to the Quran, God cannot be seen by mortals, and thus conveys His message indirectly, as stated in this verse:

[Quran 42:51, Translator: Pickthall] And it was not (vouchsafed) to any mortal that Allah should speak to him unless (it be) by revelation or from behind a veil, or (that) He sendeth a messenger to reveal what He will by His leave. Lo! He is Exalted, Wise.

We also believe that God will come, but that will be when our brief respite on Earth is over, as indicated by this verse:

[Quran 2:210, Translator: Pickthall] Wait they for naught else than that Allah should come unto them in the shadows of the clouds with the angels? Then the case would be already judged. All cases go back to Allah (for judgment).

We believe that there will be no more prophets after Muhammad (may peace be upon him) as it is stated in this verse:

[Quran 33:40, Translator: Pickthall] Muhammad is not the father of any man among you, but he is the messenger of Allah and the Seal of the Prophets; and Allah is ever Aware of all things. 

Mr G responds: If the Almighty God decides to come unto earth no man can stop him coming into the earth. 500 years ago there was a similar conversation between Akbar and Birbal and Akbar finally had to accept that God can come if he want.

BG 9:11

Avajanthi hi Maam Mudha

Manushim Tanum Ashritam

Param bhavam ajananto

Mama butha Maheshwaram.

Translation :

Fools deride me when I descend in the human form. They do not know my transcendental nature and my supreme dominion over all that be. 

My response: Almighty God can and does do whatever He decides to do.

The verse is simply informing us why the Almighty God does not. He has given us a brief respite in mortal form so that we can earn His forgiveness before Judgement Day is established. Last few verses of Chapter 33 of the Quran inform us why we must be judged, and why we must seek forgiveness. 

Mr G states: Just because he is in mortal form he is not a mortal, this is what the BG verse is clearly saying. 

My response: Perhaps I'm not explaining clearly... 

We humans have been given mortal form for our brief respite on Earth by Allah (the Deity, the one and only God that we Muslims believe there is).  

Allah has not bestowed on the mortal form the ability to see Allah. 

Hence, Allah does not allow us to see Him. 

Therefore, Allah speaks to us indirectly through revelation and prophets. 

I have read some excerpts of the Vedas long time ago and thought that it was very similar to the teachings of Quran and Torah. Bhagavad Gita seems different. 

1) How similar or different you find the teachings of the Vedas and the Bhagavad Gita? 

2) If they contradict each other, which Book do you hold more sacred? 

3) Which teachings do you follow? 

4) Do most Hindus also believe as per your answers to the above three questions, or is the popular faith different from your faith?  

Mr. G replied: Bhagavadgita supersedes all the Vedas. It is the supreme teaching of God himself. To know God you will need divine vision when he descends on earth. There are no such restrictions as God can not descend on planet earth . We believe he can descend on earth primarily for two reasons. One to annihilate the miscreants and establish dharma or religion and another to protect his devotees.

My question: What is the origin of all the Vedas? 

Mr. G replied: Just like Quran, these are considered divine revelations received by various sages in bygone era. At least they are from 3000 to 2090 BCE. 

My question: Who is Brahma and who is Om? Are they demigods if Krishna is Supreme God?  

Mr. G replied: Brahma a demigod who is the chief engineer within the material universe. Krishna talks about material world as well as spiritual world in Bhagavadgita (BG). I will use this acronym going forward. Brahms created the first Adam and Eve in Hindu cosmic world. Om is a sacred sound.

My query regarding the answer that 'Bhagavadgita supersedes all the Vedas.': 

Please see the following excerpts from http://www.hinduwisdom.info/Hindu_Scriptures.htm Is this information incorrect? 

The Sanskrit word for philosophy is darsan or 'seeing', which implies that Hinduism is not based merely on intellectual speculation but is grounded upon direct and immediate perception. This, in fact, distinguishes Indian philosophy from much of Western philosophical thought. The oldest and most important scriptures of Hinduism are the Vedas, which contain inspired utterances of seers and sages, who had achieved a direct perception of the divine being. The Vedas are considered to be eternal, because they are not merely superb poetic composition but represent the divine truth itself as perceived through the elevated consciousness of great seers. 

In general, Hindu scriptures may be classified into two divisions: Sruti scriptures and Smriti scriptures. 

Sruti in Sanskrit means "that which is heard." Thus the Vedas are the eternal truths that the Vedic seers, called rishis, are said to have heard during their deep meditations. The Vedas are not considered the works of the human mind, but an expression of what has been realized through intuitive perception by Vedic rishis, who had powers to see beyond the physical phenomena. As such, Vedas are considered of divine origin. The Vedic truths were originally transmitted by the rishis to their disciples over thousands of years. At a later date, these were compiled by Sage Vyasa for the benefit of future generations. India's teachings are not speculative. They are based on divine revelations. Indeed, the revelations are so cosmic that they approach more closely the findings of physics and astronomy than the pious pronouncements of preachers. The rishis made claims so cosmic that even modern physics seems only to be catching up with them and realizing, after every scientific breakthrough, that the ancients were there long before them. Sruti include the Vedas (Rig, Yajur, Sama and Atharva) and the Bhagavad Gita. The Vedas are the primary scriptures of Hinduism. Each of the four Vedas consists of four parts: Samhitas, Brahmanas, Aranyakas, and Upanishads. 

Smriti means "that which is remembered." Smriti scriptures are derived from the Vedas and are considered to be of human origin and not of divine origin. They were written to explain and elaborate the Vedas, making them understandable and more meaningful to the general population. All authoritative writings outside the Vedas are collectively referred to as Smriti. Smriti inlcude the Dharma Shastras, Nibhandas, Puranas, The Epics, Agamas or Tantras, Darshanas and Vedangas (Upa Vedas). According to Alain Danielou distingused Orientalist, " The Puranas provide genealogies, which go back to the sixth millennium B.C. E.  and are probably largely authentic. The stories and descriptions of the various regions of the earth and the various civilizations living on the "seven continents" provide priceless documentation on the world's oldest civilization."

The Smriti are considered the secondary scriptures of Hinduism. These scriptures are classified in the following diagram:

Classification of Major Scriptures

[http://www.hinduwisdom.info/images/Classification_Hindu_Scripture.gif]

Note: Each of the four Vedas consists of four parts: Samhitas, Brahmanas, Aranykas, and Upanishads.

The Bhagavad Gita is a part of the Epics (The Mahabharata).

(image source: The Hindu Mind - By Bansi Pandit).

Capital punishment for mistreating the Quran

Q: ... as a book coming from Allah and the top of communication between Allah and mankind—the perfect book. In the meantime this book became so holy that mistreating it can be a legitimate reason for murder.

A: Allah has not ordained any such punishment. Zealous muslims have themselves created this law. Allah declares that human life is sacred, and the murder of one human being is like the murder of entire mankind, and saving one life is like saving all of mankind. All those who murder will be answerable for their deeds.